The role of models in interpersonal communication

Communication models are frameworks that explain the process of communication according to various simplified models that make the multifaceted nature of communication concrete and understandable.

One of the oldest and most simplified communication models is the so-called “sender-receiver” model developed by mathematicians Shannon and Weaver. It consists of five different components. a) Sender of information – one who encodes information, articulates the intended information through the vocal organs, and directs it to a specific recipient. b) Recipients of Information. It recognizes transmitted information and interprets and decodes received information through higher cognitive processes. c) Message – the information conveyed. d) Channel – A communication channel through which a communicative act becomes plausible. e) Interfering factors – several factors that can cause the resulting misunderstanding, such as external noise, wind, low internet connection, etc., which can lead to a real misunderstanding.

What is particularly noteworthy here is that the roles of sender and receiver are interchangeable and that in the process of interpersonal communication they constantly change roles, that is, upon receiving feedback from the receiver about the encoded information, the sender becomes the receiver of the information, and thus the receiver assumes the role of the sender of the information. By understanding the various specific roles of information senders and receivers, communication channels, and possible inhibitors alongside some misunderstood stances, we can truly become more successful communicators.

There are other communication models, but one of my favorites is the so-called “iceberg” model. The origins of the iceberg model date back to the 20th century. At the time, American novelist Ernst Hemingway stated that this was his primary writing style. While 20 percent of what is communicated orally (oral and/or written) is detectable below the surface, 80 percent lies below the surface and must be understood by the recipient of the information, i.e. the listener and/or reader. This technology was also developed and used by the following companies: Freud To explain human psychology. According to Freud, 20 percent is our level of consciousness, where we express data, numbers, and facts in clear terms, while the 80 percent below the surface of the iceberg belongs to our level. subconscious mind and the unconscious – motives, emotions, intentions, etc.

Both of these models can be applied well to explain communication between humans. The “sender-receiver” model can also be applied when investigating human-machine communication, especially the interchangeable roles of humans and machines in communicative acts. Regarding the iceberg model, it is often used to explain human-human interactions, but with the rapid development of the iceberg model, artificial intelligence (AI) and its progress emotions Affective computing (AI) may soon also be used to describe human-machine interactions.

In summary, for communication strategists and analysts, these various models serve as a basis for investigating speech production in parallel with the encoding and decoding processes in any interaction, and becoming familiar with the nature and essence of these models increases the likelihood of becoming a more skilled and agile communicator, greatly improving the communication experience.