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Myth 1: Memory is so flawed and not reliable.
fact: Wide research supports long -term memory accuracy and reliability for both personal experiences and experimental materials.
We can rely on the memories of transitional and emotional events in our lives. The first year of the university。 Wider, we are accurate Long -term memory Thousands of personal episodes, as proven by the substantial vertical research of research psychologists Marigold Rinton and Willem Wagenal。
In addition, some of these permanent memories are included lesson Motivation with the guide.
In the lab, one resonance example of memory reliability can be obtained from image memory research. People hold sufficient information from a single short exposure to hundreds-Even thousands of people-Stowy to recognize almost all of them, Up to one year After the original presentation in the photo.
A simple consideration reveals the personal information we can easily and accurately remember. Names of friends, colleagues, and family people. Our birthday; when we first fall in love. The place we work; a place to shop for groceries. A movie scene. Hundreds of popular song melodies and lyrics (although some lyrics are misunderstood). A stabbed in humiliation we received in the class. Our first kiss.
Myth 2: I don’t remember everyday events.
fact: I remember the ordinary event of everyday life.
In comprehensive research, cognitive psychologist William Brewer He recruited a dedicated set of participants, wore a beaper for 2.5 weeks, and wrote down what they did just before randomly sounding the beep. Later, they wrote the explanation of their activities and wrote more about the weather, who they were, where they were, what they were wearing.
When the participants’ memories are compared to the one written immediately after they received the beep sound result Random -sampled daily actions indicated that they were recognized with confidence in nearly 80 %, five months after the occurrence.1
Myth 3: Memories disappear over time.
fact: Memories can have a lot of endurance.
Large -scale research on living people Extended trauma Please show it trauma Events and other associated events can be memorized for the rest of the life. The same durability is indicated in the memory of the tied -tied absolute trauma event. Specific place In our past.
In encoding and storage, human memories are amazing. There is no limit that can be identified by tapping information from the world and expressing it. the search It sets a restriction. Even if the search route is growing and unused and cannot be accessed, the memory expression itself remains clear and detailed. It is a way to return the memories we have not been thinking for years with surprising clearness and details when we encounter unusual search queues, such as specific smells from the past.
Myth 4: We often make memories.
fact: The incorrectness of what I remember is caused by mixing the memories of the actual event and forming existing memories. Conformity For knowledge and expectations -not for forgery.
The memory images of different periods can be overlayed with each other, and you can create incorrect complex memory based on the exact individual memory.2
General knowledge and expectations can also change our memories. We often walk in a natural protection area and usually go with a close friend. When asked about a specific walk, we may forget the details and insert a friend into the memory of the walk, even if we go with a neighbor.
The mistakes of these committees are not imaginated inventions. (To embed a result of a young child who has no basis for living experience, Rescued efforts Forced Persuasion。 )
The accurate computer code of 99.3 % is wrong, but you should not hold human memory in the same standard. The next time we ask about the forged memories, we should ask: how is the memory wrong? It is more accurate than incorrectness, and may be able to identify and explain in incorrectness.
Myth 5: Forgetting is the defect of our memory system.
fact: It is necessary to forget it effectively, get important things, form an essential, general concept, and restore vitality after painful events.
Those who can prune unrelated events better can remember the proper events better. Adaptive oblivion。
Forgetting supports conceptual learning, encourages certain memories of similar events, and combines general knowledge. For example, if you go to a Thai restaurant repeatedly, you will gain a complete understanding of Thai cuisine, even if you forget a lot of individual meals.
If you do not regain the memory of unpleasant events, you can recover more quickly from discomfort. Without such forgotten, we remember the emotional pain too well.
clear, Practical benefits I will forget to use outdated information, such as the place where I parked the car yesterday, the old password that was no longer used, or the details of the previous long -term relationships.
Myth 6: The illness rate of errors in the witness testimony means that it cannot be dependent on the memory.
fact: In order to characterize all your personal memories, do not come out of the special case of witness testimony.
Witnessing testimony is often based on remembering events around us. This is a rare and rare test of the information processing system. A glimpse of an unexpected event occurs every day, but there is no reason to attend, and there is no result not to encode them. crime。
Witness testimony is not for weakness in memory, Caution selection encoding. If you focus on the crime in question, you will remember it more accurately.3
Myth 7: The memory that recovered after a forgotten period is not more accurate than I always remembered.
fact: The accuracy of the memory is generally unrelated to the durability of the memory.
Memories that were not used for a while and were not accurate than continuously available memories, and were established independently by researchers. Constance Darenberg,, Jennifer Fraidand Linda Williams。
Myth 8: Documents are always more accurate than memory.
fact: In most cases,, If the information in the document competes with memory, the documentated information is more reliable, but not always.
Some documents are the same predictable mistakes as personal memories, as they depend on their memories, such as reservations and doctors’ memos after an entry in the diary. Other documents are inaccurate due to artificial errors in the information record. In addition, other documents are intentionally deceived.
As a result, the document is defective. In fact, there is an example of an oral testimony (given from memories) to correct the official record of historical events.
Myth 9: We consider memory to be inaccurate. teeth Incurable.
fact: Emphasization of memory errors for availability bias。
We judge that the mistakes in memory are more frequent than the actual, because we are much more likely to remind you of examples of memory that is defective than accuracy examples. We don’t accurately remember the name of a friend every time we return home, but when you visit a colleague, forget your neighbors, or forget why you went to the garage. You may be very careful about making turns.
Memories are new than accuracy, just as crime is more valuable than legal actions. (Ironically, remembering an incorrect recall instance is an accurate memory format.)
Myth 10: Trauma is more important than how you remember what happened to you.
fact: Early trauma power that affects your current life depends on how trauma -like events are remembered.
The stories we talk and remember to ourselves are more influential than the events themselves. As a psychologist Seth Polak and Karen Smith Be careful, how we perceive and remember that the trauma directly affects it “for a long time. neural The result of action. “
Therefore, trauma experience has a powerful subjective factor, and what we generally consider to be adverse events may not be essential or uniform. In their research Childhood Trauma, psychologist Andrea Danese and Cathy Widom “Psychiatric science is born as a subjective experience, not an objective experience of childhood abuse.”4
